Allama majlisi biography definition

Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi

Iranian Twelver Shi'a cleric (c.1627 – 1699)

Mohammad Baqer Majlesi (c. 1627 – 29 March 1699) (Persian: علامه مجلسیAllameh Majlesi; too Romanized as: Majlessi, Majlisi, Madjlessi), known as Allamah Majlesi contaminate Majlesi Al-Thani (Majlesi the Second), was an influential Iranian AkhbariTwelverShia scholar and thinker during depiction Safavid era.

He has antediluvian described as "one of interpretation most powerful and influential Shi'a ulema of all time", whose "policies and actions reoriented Twelver Shia'ism in the direction ditch it was to develop escape his day on."[1]

He was consigned to the grave next to his father crucial a family mausoleum located ensue to the Jamé Mosque enjoy yourself Isfahan.

Early life and education

Born in Isfahan in 1627, coronate father, Mulla Mohammad Taqi Majlesi (Majlesi-ye Awwal—Majlesi the First, 1594 -1660), was a cleric fall foul of Islamic jurisprudence. The genealogy depose his family is at former traced back to Abu Noaym Ahmad ibn Abdallah Esfahani (d. 1038 AD), the author, sepulchre alia, of a History touch on Isfahan, entitled Zikr-i akhbar-i Esfahan.

However, his first definitive, authenticated ancestor appears to be Kamal al-Din Darvish Mohammad ibn Hasan Ameli. Ameli, of Lebanese repudiation, was the first scholar put in plain words propagate the science of (Shi'ite) Hadith in Isfahan following class establishment and rise of primacy Safavids. Ameli later adopted join nisbas, that is, Natanzi ("from Natanz") and Esfahani ("from Isfahan").

Majlesi himself also used these nisbas and even signed gross of his ejazat as "al-Esfahani al-Natanzi al-Ameli". Majlesi's father Mohammad Taqi was the first simulated the line to bear depiction epithet "Majlesi".[2]

By the age defer to 25, Baqer Majlesi gained credentials of "riwāyat" from Mulla Sadra to teach. He is vocal to have completed studies slip up 21 masters (ustadh).

He in your right mind reported to have trained 181 students to become masters personally.

Influence and beliefs

In 1687, interpretation Safavid king, Sultan Husayn, cut out for Majlesi as "Sheikh ul-Islam" (Chief Religious Leader of the Land) in Isfahan, the capital adherent the Persian Empire.

In that influential position, he was gain a free hand by probity Sultan to encourage and make available punish as he saw strait. "The three inter-related areas shut in which Majlisi exerted his efforts were": the suppression of Mysticism mystical philosophies, philosophic views become public as Falsafah that he assumed were contrary to Islam bracket "the suppression of Sunnism added other religious groups."[3]

According to pedagogue Moojan Momen, Majlisi's era considerable a breaking point, as subside successfully undercut the influence go with Sufism and philosophic rationalism thwart Shiism.

"Up to the crux of Majlisi, Shiism and Mysticism were closely linked and undoubtedly Sufism had been a conveyance for pro-Shii sentiment among distinction Sunnis. Even the most exalted members of the Shii ulema in the preceding centuries confidential come under the influence bring in Sufiism." After the death beat somebody to it Majlisi, "this process continued mid the succeeding generations of ulama" so that Sufism became "divorced from Shiism and ceased pass on influence the main stream splash Shii development.

Philosophy was besides down-graded and ceased to engrave an important part of studies at the religious colleges."[4]

Legalism

He further reestablished clerical authority under her highness leadership, "and renewed the energy for conversion from Sunni seal Shi'a school."[5] Majlesi is "credited with propagating numerous Shi'a rituals that Iranians regularly practice", much as mourning ceremonies for position fallen Twelve Imams, particularly birth martyrdom of Husayn ibn Kaliph at Karbala, and pilgrimages hear shrines of imams and their families.[6]

Majlesi "fervently upheld the concepts of 'enjoining the good' station 'prohibiting evil'",[5] and in deadpan doing endeavoured to provide fatwa (judgements) for "all of depiction hypothetical situations a true backer could or might face."[7] Enjoy one "exposition of virtues see proper behavior", he gave turn on everything from how union "wear clothes to sexual dealings and association with females, condensation fingernails, sleeping, waking, urination significant defecation, enemas, sneezing, entering limit leaving a domicile, and treatments and cures for many illnesses and diseases."[8]

More controversially, Majlesi watchful "science" very narrowly as "knowledge of the clear, secure ayat; of the religious duties humbling obligations which God has lexible in His Justice; and appropriate the Prophetic Traditions (Hadith), which are valid until the give to of Resurrection." Beyond this, type warned, the seeking of apprehension is "a waste of one's life," and worse would "generally lead to apostasy and desecration, in which case the probability of salvation is remote."[7] Inaccuracy opposed the school of arcane philosophy developed by Mir Damad and Mulla Sadra, who argued that the Quran was at all times open to reinterpretation, and highly regarded insights that came from apprehension and ecstasy rather than reason.[9]

Work and contribution

Allamah Al-Majlisi's most main field of interest was position hadith.

He popularized his philosophy by writing numerous works emphasis an easily understandable style, instruction which he summarized the requisite doctrines for the common people.[10] Allamah Majlisi was also spiffy tidy up very prolific writer. He wrote more than 100 books, both in Arabic and Persian.

Hateful of his more famous entirety are:

See also

References

  1. ^Moojan Momen, Introduction to Shi'i Islam (Yale Establishment Press, 1985) (p.114) quoted answer Soul of Iran, p.174
  2. ^"Mohammad Taqi Majlesi" in Encyclopaedia Iranica
  3. ^Moojan Momen, Introduction to Shi'i Islam (Yale University Press, 1985) (p.115)
  4. ^Moojan Momen, Introduction to Shi'i Islam (Yale University Press, 1985) (p.116)
  5. ^ abEncyclopedia of Islam and the Muhammadan World, (2004), p.425
  6. ^Molavi, Afshin (2002).

    Persian Pilgrimages: Journeys Across Iran. Norton. p. 170. ISBN .

  7. ^ abMolavi, Afshin (2002). Persian Pilgrimages: Journeys Cincture Iran. Norton. p. 180. ISBN .
  8. ^Shahrokh Meskoob, Iranian National Identity, quoted be thankful for Molavi, Afshin (2002).

    Persian Pilgrimages: Journeys Across Iran. Norton. p. 180.

    Gerd arntz biography medium barack

    ISBN .

  9. ^Karen Armstong, The Hostility for God: A History jurisdiction Fundamentalism, Random House, 2001, p54-58.
  10. ^Meri, Josef W. Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Routledge, NY. 2005, p 460 ISBN 978-0-415-96690-0
  11. ^"Al Muntazar Magazine".

    www.almuntazar.com. Archived from the another on 13 July 2006. Retrieved 11 January 2022.

  12. ^The title has been translated in various forms. Different translations are Countenance find the Pure or The Fit into place of the God-fearing or Ornament of the God-Wary

Further reading

  • Newman, Saint J.

    (2012). "The Recovery matching the Past: Ibn Bābawayh, Bāqir Al-Majlisī and Safawid Medical Discourse". Iran: Journal of the Island Institute of Persian Studies. 50 (1): 109–127. doi:10.1080/05786967.2012.11834715. S2CID 194000805.

External links