Stefan zweig biografie kurz

Stefan Zweig

Austrian writer (1881–1942)

Not to fleece confused with Stefanie Zweig.

For honourableness 2016 film, see Stefan Zweig: Farewell to Europe.

Stefan Zweig
Zweig c. 1912
Born	(1881-11-28)28 November 1881 Vienna, Austria-Hungary (present-day Austria)
Died	22 February 1942(1942-02-22) (aged 60) Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Education	University very last Vienna (PhD, 1904)
Occupations	Novelist playwright librettist journalist biographer writer author historian
Spouses	Lotte Altmann (m. 1939)

Stefan Zweig (ZWYGHE, SWYGHE,^[1]German:[ˈʃtɛfanˈtsvaɪk]^ⓘ; 28 Nov 1881 – 22 February 1942) was an Austrian writer.

Go on doing the height of his studious career, in the 1920s stake 1930s, he was one funding the most widely translated boss popular writers in the world.^[2]

Zweig was raised in Vienna, Austria-Hungary. He wrote historical studies firm footing famous literary figures, such introduction Honoré de Balzac, Charles Deuce, and Fyodor Dostoevsky in Drei Meister (1920; Three Masters), sit decisive historical events in Decisive Moments in History (1927).

Powder wrote biographies of Joseph Fouché (1929), Mary Stuart (1935) settle down Marie Antoinette (Marie Antoinette: Significance Portrait of an Average Woman, 1932), among others. Zweig's best-known fiction includes Letter from inspiration Unknown Woman (1922), Amok (1922), Fear (1925), Confusion of Feelings (1927), Twenty-Four Hours in depiction Life of a Woman (1927), the psychological novelUngeduld des Herzens (Beware of Pity, 1939), dowel The Royal Game (1941).

In 1934, as a result type the Nazi Party's rise emergence Germany and the establishment ad infinitum the Ständestaat regime in Oesterreich, Zweig emigrated to England current then, in 1940, moved for a moment to New York and followed by to Brazil, where he calm. In his final years, significant would declare himself in cherish with the country, writing take too lightly it in the book Brazil, Land of the Future.

Even so, as the years passed Writer became increasingly disillusioned and dismal at the future of Assemblage, and he and his her indoors Lotte were found dead bargain a barbiturate overdose in their house in Petrópolis on 23 February 1942; they had convulsion the previous day. His pointless has been the basis practise several film adaptations.

Zweig's profile, Die Welt von Gestern (The World of Yesterday, 1942), disintegration noted for its description consume life during the waning age of the Austro-Hungarian Empire spoils Franz Joseph I and has been called the most esteemed book on the Habsburg Empire.^[3]

Biography

Zweig was born in Vienna, ethics son of Ida Brettauer (1854–1938), a daughter of a Person banking family, and Moritz Writer (1845–1926), a wealthy Jewish material manufacturer.^[4] He was related cope with the Czech writer Egon Hostovský, who described him as "a very distant relative";^[5] some cornucopia describe them as cousins.^{[citation needed]}

Zweig studied philosophy at the Formation of Vienna and in 1904 earned a doctoral degree meet a thesis on "The Thinking of Hippolyte Taine".

Religion sincere not play a central carve up in his education. "My female parent and father were Jewish exclusive through accident of birth", Writer said in an interview. Thus far he did not renounce fillet Jewish faith and wrote time on Jews and Jewish themes, as in his story Buchmendel. Zweig had a warm affair with Theodor Herzl, the originator of Zionism, whom he tumble when Herzl was still fictitious editor of the Neue Freie Presse, then Vienna's main newspaper; Herzl accepted for publication depleted of Zweig's early essays.^[6] Writer, a committed cosmopolitan,^[7] believed disturb internationalism and in Europeanism, importation The World of Yesterday, culminate autobiography, makes clear: "I was sure in my heart give birth to the first of my affect as a citizen of greatness world."^[8] According to Amos Quantity, Zweig called Herzl's book Der Judenstaat an "obtuse text, [a] piece of nonsense".^[9]

Zweig served slot in the Archives of the Holy orders of War and supported Austria's effort for war through her highness writings in the Neue Freie Presse and frequently celebrated focal his Diaries the capture tube massacre of opposing soldiers (for instance, writing about the myriad citizens killed at gunpoint decorate the suspicion of espionage defer "what filth has made silt must be cauterized with burning iron".) ^[10] Zweig judged Serb soldiers as "hordes" and affirmed that "one feels proud truth talk German" when thousands understanding French soldiers were captured ploy Metz.^[11] Conversely, in his experiences, The World of Yesterday, Author portrays himself in the part of pacifist at the heart of the First World Combat, states that he refused "to participate in those rabid calumnies against the enemy" (although, guzzle his work in the bona fide Neue Freie Presse, Zweig promoted the war propaganda issued depart from the Austrian crown) and affirms that among his intellectual convention he was "alone" in empress stance against the war.^[12]

Zweig ringed Friderike Maria von Winternitz (born Burger) in 1920; they divorced in 1938.

As Friderike Author she published a book acquaintance her former husband after emperor death.^[13] She later also available a picture book on Zweig.^[14] In the late summer bargain 1939, Zweig married his commentator Elisabet Charlotte "Lotte" Altmann behave Bath, England.^[15] Zweig's secretary engage Salzburg from November 1919 curb March 1938 was Anna Meingast (13 May 1881, Vienna – 17 November 1953, Salzburg).^[16]

As put in order Jew, Zweig's high profile sincere not shield him from loftiness threat of persecution.

In 1934, following Hitler's rise to on the trot in Germany and the founding of the Ständestaat, an oppressor political regime now known hoot "Austrofascism", Zweig left Austria primed England, living first in Writer, then from 1939 in Room. Because of the swift bring up of Hitler's troops westwards, stand for the threat of arrest lead into worse – as part dead weight the preparations for Operation Seelöwe a list of persons scheduled be detained immediately after culmination of the British Isles, illustriousness so-called Black Book, had bent assembled and Zweig was shuffle page 231, with his Author address fully mentioned – Writer and his second wife decussate the Atlantic to the Affiliated States, settling in 1940 expect New York City; they ephemeral for two months as assemblage of Yale University in Latest Haven, Connecticut, before renting top-hole house in Ossining, New Royalty.

On 22 August 1940, they moved again to Petrópolis, a German-colonized mountain town 68 kilometres north of Rio olive Janeiro.^[17] There, he wrote honesty book Brazil, Land of decency Future and developed a commence friendship with Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral.^[18] Zweig, feeling increasingly concave about the situation in Aggregation and the future for community, wrote in a letter detection author Jules Romains, "My inmost crisis consists in that Frenzied am not able to discover myself with the me build up passport, the self of exile".^[19] He had been despairing inspect the future of Europe become peaceful its culture.

He wrote: "I think it better to entire in good time and call a halt erect bearing a life scuttle which intellectual labour meant interpretation purest joy and personal ambit the highest good on Earth".^[20] On 23 February 1942, picture Zweigs were found dead homework a barbiturate overdose in their house in the city give an account of Petrópolis, holding hands.^[21]^[22]

The Zweigs' household in Brazil was later revolting into a cultural centre skull is now known as Casa Stefan Zweig.

Work

Zweig was systematic prominent writer in the Decennium and 1930s, befriending Arthur Schnitzler and Sigmund Freud.^[23] He was extremely popular in the Affiliated States, South America and Assemblage, and remains so in transcontinental Europe;^[2] however, he was exclusively ignored by the British public.^[24] His fame in America esoteric diminished until the 1990s, considering that there began an effort tipoff the part of several publishers (notably Pushkin Press, Hesperus Retain, and The New York Examine of Books) to get Author back into print in English.^[25]Plunkett Lake Press has reissued electronic versions of his non-fiction works.^[26] Since that time there has been a marked resurgence tell a number of Zweig's books are back in print.^[27]

Critical consent of his oeuvre is with might and main divided between those who put on a pedestal his humanism, simplicity and vigorous style,^[25]^[28] and those who take on his literary style as bad, lightweight and superficial.^[24] In efficient review entitled "Vermicular Dither", Teutonic polemicist Michael Hofmann scathingly bogus the Austrian's work.

Hofmann opined that "Zweig just tastes fabricate. He's the Pepsi of European writing." Even the author's slayer note, Hofmann suggested, induces "the irritable rise of boredom ad midway through it, and the cape that he doesn't mean it, his heart isn't in defeat (not even in his suicide)".^[29]

Zweig is best known for crown novellas (notably The Royal Game, Amok, and Letter from draw in Unknown Woman – which was filmed in 1948 by Focal point Ophüls), novels (Beware of Pity, Confusion of Feelings, and authority posthumously published The Post Company Girl) and biographies (notably uphold Erasmus of Rotterdam, Ferdinand Navigator, and Mary, Queen of Caledonian, and also the posthumously publicized one on Balzac).

At give someone a buzz time his works were available without his consent in Side under the pseudonym "Stephen Branch" (a translation of his happen name) when anti-German sentiment was running high. His 1932 chronicle of Queen Marie Antoinette was adapted by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer as wonderful 1938 film starring Norma Actress.

Zweig's memoir,^[30]^[31]^[32]The World of Yesterday, was completed in 1942 skin texture day before he died preschooler suicide.

It has been everywhere discussed as a record be required of "what it meant to facsimile alive between 1881 and 1942" in central Europe; the tome has attracted both critical praise^[25] and hostile dismissal.^[29]

Zweig acknowledged king debt to psychoanalysis. In boss letter dated 8 September 1926, he wrote to Freud, "Psychology is the great business ad infinitum my life".

He went institution explaining that Freud had respectable influence on writers such by the same token Marcel Proust, D.H. Lawrence arm James Joyce, giving them keen lesson in "courage" and slice them to overcome their inhibitions. "Thanks to you, we see many things. – Thanks pact you we say many eccentric which otherwise we would turn on the waterworks have seen nor said." Why not?

claimed autobiography, in particular, difficult to understand become "more clear-sighted and audacious".^[33]

Zweig enjoyed a close association familiarize yourself Richard Strauss and provided nobility libretto for Die schweigsame Frau (The Silent Woman). Strauss spectacularly defied the Nazi regime coarse refusing to sanction the ejection of Zweig's name from picture programme^[34] for the work's première on 24 June 1935 limit Dresden.

As a result, Nazi refused to attend as fit, and the opera was outlawed after three performances. Zweig succeeding collaborated with Joseph Gregor commerce provide Strauss with the engage for one other opera, Friedenstag, in 1938. At least^[35] singular other work by Zweig usual a musical setting: the instrumentalist and composer Henry Jolles, who like Zweig had fled emphasize Brazil to escape the Nazis, composed a song, "Último poema de Stefan Zweig",^[36] based level "Letztes Gedicht", which Zweig wrote on the occasion of rulership 60th birthday in November 1941.^[37] During his stay in Brasil, Zweig wrote Brasilien, Ein Region der Zukunft (Brazil, A Tilt of the Future) which consisted in a collection of essays on the history and people of his newly adopted state.

Zweig was a passionate amasser of manuscripts. He corresponded soft length with Hungarian musicologist Gisela Selden-Goth, often discussing their corporate interest in collecting original tune euphony scores.^[37] There are important Author collections at the British Den, at the State University sunup New York at Fredonia point of view at the National Library bad deal Israel.

The British Library's Stefan Zweig Collection was donated be introduced to the library by his scions in May 1986. It specialises in autograph music manuscripts, together with works by Bach, Haydn, Composer, and Mahler. It has antediluvian described as "one of illustriousness world's greatest collections of periodical manuscripts".^[38] One particularly precious detail is Mozart's "Verzeichnüß aller meiner Werke"^[39] – that is, nobility composer's own handwritten thematic class of his works.

The 1993–1994 academic year at the Academy of Europe was named break off his honour.

Zweig has back number credited with being one elect the novelists who contributed disapprove of the emergence of what would later be called the Dynasty myth.^[40]

Bibliography

The dates mentioned below update the dates of first check over in German.

Fiction

Forgotten Dreams, 1900 (Original title: Vergessene Träume)
Spring put over the Prater, 1900 (Original title: Praterfrühling)
A Loser, 1901 (Original title: Ein Verbummelter)
In the Snow, 1901 (Original title: Im Schnee)
Two Sole Souls, 1901 (Original title: Zwei Einsame)
The Miracles of Life, 1903 (Original title: Die Wunder nonsteroidal Lebens)
The Love of Erika Ewald, 1904 (Original title: Die Liebe der Erika Ewald)
The Star Hole up the Forest, 1904 (Original title: Der Stern über dem Walde)
The Fowler Snared, 1906 (Original title: Sommernovellette)
The Governess, 1907 (Original title: Die Governante)
Scarlet Fever, 1908 (Original title: Scharlach)
Twilight, 1910 (Original title: Geschichte eines Unterganges)
A Story Low In Twilight, 1911, short tale (Original title: Geschichte in stroll Dämmerung)
Burning Secret, 1913 (Original title: Brennendes Geheimnis [de])
Fear, 1920 (Original title: Angst)
Compulsion, 1920 (Original title: Der Zwang)
Fantastic Night, 1922 (Original title: Phantastische Nacht)
Letter from an Strange Woman, 1922 (Original title: Brief einer Unbekannten)
Moonbeam Alley, 1922 (Original title: Die Mondscheingasse)
Amok, 1922 (Original title: Amok) – novella, at or in the beginning published with several others integrate Amok.

Novellen einer Leidenschaft
The Imperceivable Collection, 1925 (Original title: Die unsichtbare Sammlung)
Downfall of the Heart, 1927 (Original title: Untergang eines Herzens)
The Invisible Collection see Collected Stories below, (Original title: Die Unsichtbare Sammlung, first published get book form in 'Insel-Almanach auf das Jahr 1927'^[41])
The Refugee, 1927 (Original title: Der Flüchtling.

Affair vom Genfer See).
Confusion of Feelings or Confusion: The Private Credentials of Privy Councillor R Von D, 1927 (Original title: Verwirrung der Gefühle) – novella at first published in the volume Verwirrung der Gefühle: Drei Novellen
Twenty-Four Noontide in the Life of dialect trig Woman, 1927 (Original title: Vierundzwanzig Stunden aus dem Leben einer Frau) – novella initially publicised in the volume Verwirrung snowwhite Gefühle: Drei Novellen
Widerstand der Wirklichkeit, 1929 (in English as Journey into the Past (1976))
Buchmendel, 1929 (Original title: Buchmendel))
Short stories, 1930 (Original title: Kleine Chronik.

Vier Erzählungen) – includes Buchmendel
Did Why not? Do It?, published between 1935 and 1940 (Original title: War er es?)
Leporella, 1935 (Original title: Leporella)
Collected Stories, 1936 (Original title: Gesammelte Erzählungen) – two volumes of short stories:
1.

The Chains (Original title: Die Kette)
2. Kaleidoscope (Original title: Kaleidoskop). Includes: Casual Knowledge of a Craft, Leporella, Fear, Burning Secret, Summer Novella, The Governess, Buchmendel, The Refugee, The Invisible Collection, Fantastic Night, and Moonbeam Alley.

Kaleidoscope: cardinal stories and novelettes, published manage without The Viking Press in 1934, includes some of those grouchy listed — some with or else translated titles — plus others.
Incident on Lake Geneva, 1936 (Original title: Episode am Genfer See Revised version of "Der Flüchtung. Episode vom Genfer See", in print in 1927)
The Old-Book Peddler extra Other Tales for Bibliophiles, 1937, four pieces (two "clothed birth the form of fiction," according to the preface by linguist Theodore W.

Koch), published invitation Northwestern University, The Charles Deering Library, Evanston, Illinois:
1. "Books strategy the Gateway to the World"
2. "The Old-Book Peddler; A Viennese Yarn for Bibliophiles" (Original title: Buchmendel)
3. "The Invisible Collection; An Episode stay away from the Post-War Inflation Period" (Original title: Die unsichtbare Sammlung)
4. "Thanks form Books"
Beware of Pity, 1939 (Original title: Ungeduld des Herzens) novel
Legends, a collection of five accordingly stories published in 1945 (Original title: Legenden – published along with as Jewish Legends with "Buchmendel" instead of "The Dissimilar Doubles":
1. "Rachel Arraigns with God", 1930 (Original title: "Rahel rechtet situation Gott"
2. "The Eyes of My Kinsman, Forever", 1922 (Original title: "Die Augen des ewigen Bruders")
3. "The Belowground Candelabrum", 1936 (Original title: "Der begrabene Leuchter")
4. "The Legend of Integrity Third Dove", 1945 (Original title: "Die Legende der dritten Taube")
5. "The Dissimilar Doubles", 1927 (Original title: "Kleine Legende von den gleich-ungleichen Schwestern")
The Royal Game or Chess Story or Chess (Original title: Schachnovelle; Buenos Aires, 1942) – novella written in 1938–41,
Clarissa, 1981 unfinished novel
The Debt Paid Late, 1982 (Original title: Die spät bezahlte Schuld)
The Post Office Girl, 1982 (Original title: Rausch snowy Verwandlung.

Roman aus dem Nachlaß; The Intoxication of Metamorphosis)
Schneewinter: 50 zeitlose Gedichte, 2016, editor Player Werhand. Melsbach, Martin Werhand Verlag 2016

Biographies and historical texts

Émile Verhaeren (the Belgian poet), 1910
Three Masters: Balzac, Dickens, Dostoevsky, 1920 (Original title: Drei Meister.

Balzac – Dickens – Dostojewski. Translated bump into English by Eden and Conifer Paul and published in 1930 as Three Masters)
Romain Rolland: Position Man and His Work, 1921 (Original title: Romain Rolland. Obvious Mann und das Werk)
Nietzsche, 1925 (Originally published in the sum total titled: Der Kampf mit dem Dämon.

Hölderlin – Kleist – Nietzsche)
Decisive Moments in History, 1927 (Original title: Sternstunden der Menschheit). Translated into English and available in 1940 as The Feed of Fortune: Twelve Historical Miniatures;^[42] retranslated in 2013 by Anthea Bell as Shooting Stars: Arrange Historical Miniatures^[43]
Adepts in Self-Portraiture: Gallant, Stendhal, Tolstoy, 1928 (Original title: Drei Dichter ihres Lebens.

Gallant – Stendhal – Tolstoi)
Joseph Fouché, 1929 (Original title: Joseph Fouché. Bildnis eines politischen Menschen)
Mental Healers: Franz Mesmer, Mary Baker Roll, Sigmund Freud, 1932 (Original title: Die Heilung durch den Geist. Mesmer, Mary Baker-Eddy, Freud)
Marie Antoinette: The Portrait of an Haunt Woman, 1932 (Original title: Marie Antoinette.

Bildnis eines mittleren Charakters) ISBN 4-87187-855-4
Erasmus of Rotterdam, 1934 (Original title: Triumph und Tragik nonsteroid Erasmus von Rotterdam)
Maria Stuart, 1935 (also published as: The Monarch of Scots or Mary Prince of Scots) ISBN 4-87187-858-9
A Conscience At daggers drawn Violence or The Right halt Heresy: Castellio against Calvin, 1936 (Original title: Castellio gegen Chemist oder Ein Gewissen gegen decease Gewalt)
Conqueror of the Seas: Nobleness Story of Magellan, 1938 (Original title: Magellan.

Der Mann available seine Tat) ISBN 4-87187-856-2
Montaigne, 1941 ISBN 978-1782271031
Amerigo, 1942 (Original title: Amerigo. Geschichte eines historischen Irrtums) – intended in 1942, published the broad daylight before he died ISBN 4-87187-857-0
Balzac, 1946 – written, as Richard Friedenthal [de] describes in a postscript, clasp the Brazilian summer capital preceding Petrópolis, without access to authority files, notebooks, lists, tables, editions and monographs that Zweig increased for many years and ramble he took with him nod Bath, but that he keep steady behind when he went union America.

Friedenthal wrote that Balzac "was to be his magnum opus, and he had anachronistic working at it for move years. It was to embryonic a summing up of monarch own experience as an creator and of what life difficult to understand taught him." Friedenthal claimed renounce "The book had been finished", though not every chapter was complete; he used a place copy of the manuscript Writer left behind him to practice "the finishing touches", and Friedenthal rewrote the final chapters (Balzac, translated by William and Dorothy Rose [New York: Viking, 1946], pp. 399, 402).
Paul Verlaine, Copyright 1913, By L.

E. Basset Beantown, Mass., USA. English translation strong O. F. Theis. Luce keep from Company Boston. Maunsel and Veneer. Ltd Dublin and London.

Plays

Tersites, 1907
Das Haus am Meer, 1912
Jeremiah, 1917
Ben Jonson's Volpone. A Loveless Farce in 3 Acts, freely adapted, 1928

Other

The World of Yesterday (Original title: Die Welt von Gestern; Stockholm, 1942) – autobiography
Brazil, Territory of the Future (Original title: Brasilien.

Ein Land der Zukunft; Bermann-Fischer, Stockholm 1941)
Journeys (Original title: Auf Reisen; Zurich, 1976); hearten of essays
Encounters and Destinies: Ingenious Farewell to Europe (2020); piece of essays

Letters

Darién J. Davis; Jazzman Marshall, eds. (2010).

Stefan take precedence Lotte Zweig's South American Letters: New York, Argentina and Brasil, 1940–42. New York: Continuum. ISBN .
Henry G. Alsberg, ed. (1954). Stefan and Friderike Zweig: Their Agreement, 1912–1942. New York: Hastings Scaffold. OCLC 581240150.

Adaptations

The 1933 Austrian-German drama filmThe Burning Secret directed by Parliamentarian Siodmak was based on Zweig's short story Brennendes Geheimnis. Primacy 1988 remake of the equal film Burning Secret was fastened by Andrew Birkin and marked Klaus Maria Brandauer and Faye Dunaway.

Letter from an New Woman was filmed in 1948 by Max Ophüls.

Beware give a rough idea Pity was adapted into precise 1946 film with the amount to title, directed by Maurice Elvey.^[44]

Letter from an Unknown Woman was filmed in 1962 by Salat Abu Seif.

An adaptation gross Stephen Wyatt of Beware pursuit Pity was broadcast by BBC Radio 4 in 2011.^[45]

The 2012 Brazilian film The Invisible Collection, directed by Bernard Attal, in your right mind based on Zweig's short legend of the same title.^[46]

The 2013 French film A Promise (Une promesse) is based on Zweig's novella Journey into the Past (Reise in die Vergangenheit).

The 2013 Swiss film Mary Chief of Scots, directed by Saint Imbach, is based on Zweig's Maria Stuart.^[47]

The end-credits for Wes Anderson's 2014 film The Impressive Budapest Hotel say that integrity film was inspired in property by Zweig's novels. Anderson spoken that he had "stolen" steer clear of Zweig's novels Beware of Pity and The Post-Office Girl concentrated writing the film, and go well with features actors Tom Wilkinson gorilla The Author, a character homeproduced loosely on Zweig, and Apostle Law as his younger, perfect self seen in flashbacks.

Contralto also said that the film's protagonist, the concierge Gustave H., played by Ralph Fiennes, was based on Zweig. In leadership film's opening sequence, a youth girl visits a shrine grip The Author, which includes on the rocks bust of him wearing Zweig-like spectacles and celebrated as wreath country's "National Treasure".^[48]

The 2017 Austrian-German-French film Vor der Morgenröte (Stefan Zweig: Farewell to Europe) annals Stefan Zweig's travels in nobility North and South Americas, irksome to come to terms run off with his exile from home.

The 2018 American short film Crepúsculo by Clemy Clarke is homespun on Zweig's short story "A Story Told in Twilight" suggest relocated to a quinceañera hoax 1980s New York.^[49]

TV film La Ruelle au clair de lune (1988) by Édouard Molinaro attempt an adaptation of Zweig's short-story Moonbeam Alley.^[50]

Schachnovelle, translated as The Royal Game and as Chess Story, was the inspiration mean the 1960 Gerd Oswald single Brainwashed,^[51] as well as plump for two Czechoslovakian films—the 1980 Královská hra (The Royal Game) captain Šach mat (Checkmate), made asset television in 1964^[52]—and for probity 2021 Philipp Stölzl film Chess Story.^[53]^[54]

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Kultur-Karte" (2003), Mosse-Berlin Mitte gGmbH (Verlag Jüdische Presse)
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Stefan Zweig : Eine Bildbiographie. München: Kindler.
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