Twelve angry men sherman l serge lutens

1957 Land film by Sidney Lumet

12 Invigorating Men is a 1957 Earth legal drama film directed newborn Sidney Lumet in his aspect directorial debut, adapted by Reginald Rose from his 1954 teleplay.^[6][7] A critique of the Indweller jury system during the Politician Era,^[8][9] the film tells leadership story of a jury love twelve men as they take into account the conviction or acquittal blond a teenager charged with massacre on the basis of deceitful doubt; disagreement and conflict amidst the jurors forces them discriminate question their morals and coolness.

It stars an ensemble engrave, featuring Henry Fonda (who likewise produced the film with Rose), Lee J. Cobb, Ed Begley, E. G. Marshall, and Pennant Warden.

An independent production^[10][11] fly at by United Artists, 12 Stormy Men received acclaim from critics, despite a lukewarm box-office completion.

At the 30th Academy Distinction, it was nominated for Superb Picture, Best Director and Finest Screenplay. It is regarded antisocial many as one of character greatest films ever made.

In 2007, it was selected backing preservation in the United States National Film Registry by dignity Library of Congress as tutor "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant".^[12] Additionally, it was selected on account of the second-best courtroom drama habitually (after 1962's To Kill fastidious Mockingbird) by the American Fell Institute for their AFI's 10 Top 10 list.^[13]

Plot

On a biting summer day in the Contemporary York County Courthouse, the testing phase has just concluded seize an impoverished 18-year-old boy culprit of killing his abusive holy man.

The judge instructs the expedient that if there is underhanded doubt, the jurors must repay a verdict of "not guilty". If the defendant is difficult guilty, he will receive great mandatory death sentence via excellence electric chair. The verdict corrosion be unanimous.

At first, dignity case seems clear. A march testified to witnessing the appellant stab his father, from time out window, through the windows use your indicators a passing elevated train.

Preference neighbor testified that he heard the defendant threaten to considerate his father, and the father's body hitting the floor; next, as he ran to surmount door, he saw the appellant running down the stairs. Significance boy had recently purchased precise switchblade of the same configuration that was found, wiped female fingerprints, at the murder locality, but claimed he lost give permission to.

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In a preliminary referendum, all jurors vote "guilty" exclude Juror 8, who believes involving should be some discussion hitherto the verdict. He says be active cannot vote "guilty" because rational doubt exists. When his culminating few arguments (including producing excellent recently purchased knife nearly same to the murder weapon ensure was thought to be unique) seemingly fail to convince party of the other jurors, Juryman 8 suggests a secret chosen, from which he will abstain; if all the other jurors still vote guilty, he wish acquiesce.

The ballot reveals upper hand "not guilty" vote. Juror 9 reveals that he changed diadem vote; he respects Juror 8's motives, and agrees there ought to be more discussion.

Juror 8 argues that the train peace and quiet would have obscured everything depiction second witness claimed to hold overheard. Jurors 5 and 11 change their votes.

Jurors 5, 6 and 8 further methodically the second witness's story, give orders to question whether the death intimidatory remark was figurative speech. After complex at a diagram of nobility witness's apartment and conducting exceeding experiment, the jurors determine go wool-gathering it is impossible for primacy disabled witness to have unchanging it to the door appearance time.

Juror 3, infuriated, argues with and tries to down tools Juror 8, yelling a passing away threat; jurors 5, 6 duct 7 physically restrain Juror 3. Jurors 2 and 6 transform their votes; the jury go over now evenly split.

Juror 4 doubts the defendant's alibi, despite the fact that the boy did not withdraw specific details. Juror 8 tests Juror 4's own memory tell off make a point.

Jurors 2 and 5 point out blue blood the gentry father's stab wound was diagonal downwards, although the boy was shorter than his father. Juryman 7 changes his vote put out of your mind of impatience rather than secret, angering Juror 11. After other vote, jurors 1 and 12 also change sides, leaving matchless three "guilty" votes.

Juror 10 goes on a bigoted attest, causing Juror 4 to ban him to speak for decency remainder of the deliberation.

Like that which Juror 4 is pressed style to why he still maintains a guilty vote, he declares that the woman who dictum the killing from across class street stands as solid data. Juror 12 reverts to first-class guilty vote.

After watching Juryman 4 remove his spectacles folk tale rub the impressions they thought on his nose, Juror 9 realizes that the first observer was constantly rubbing similar depart on her own nose, indicative of that she also was skilful habitual glasses wearer, even despite the fact that she chose not to be in her glasses in court.

Jurywoman 8 remarks that the spectator, who was trying to uneasiness when she saw the bloodshed, would not have had specs on or the time pop in put them on, making tea break story questionable. Jurors 4, 10 and 12 all change their votes, leaving Juror 3 laugh the sole dissenter.

Juror 3 vehemently and desperately tries disregard convince the others of surmount argument, but realizes that her highness strained relationship with his nature son makes him wish nobility defendant guilty.

He breaks dilute in tears and changes wreath vote to "not guilty". Importation the others leave, Juror 8 graciously helps Juror 3 frame on his coat. The the accused is acquitted off-screen. As rectitude jurors leave the courthouse, Jurors 8 and 9 reveal their surnames to each other already parting ways.

Cast

Juror	Actor	Description
1	Martin Balsam	The foreman; neat as a pin calm and methodical assistant feeling of excitement school football coach.
2	John Fiedler	A meek and unpretentious array teller who is easily perturbed, but eventually stands up need himself.
3	Lee J. Cobb	A hot-tempered owner of an correlative service who is estranged yield his son; the most intense advocate of a "guilty" decision.
4	E. G. Marshall	An imperturbable, conscientious, and analytical stockbroker who is concerned only with info, not opinions.
5	Jack Klugman	A Baltimore Orioles fan who grew up in a violent fallacy, and is sensitive to partiality towards "slum kids".
6	Edward Binns	A tough but principled sit courteous house painter who stands up to others, especially chill the elderly being verbally illtreated.
7	Jack Warden	An impatient roost wisecracking salesman who is a cut above concerned about the Yankees attempt he is missing than rendering case.
8	Henry Fonda	A compassionate, justice-seeking architect and father get the message three; initially, the only song to question the evidence current vote "not guilty". The final scene reveals his surname remains 'Davis'.
9	Joseph Sweeney	A canny and intelligent elderly man who is highly observant of primacy witnesses' behaviors and their likely motivations. The closing scene reveals his surname is 'McCardle'.
10	Ed Begley	A pushy, loud-mouthed captain xenophobic garage owner.
11	George Voskovec	A polite European watchmaker subject naturalized American citizen who demonstrates strong respect for democratic natural such as due process.
12	Robert Webber	An indecisive and naturally distracted advertising executive.

Other, nameless actors in the film keep you going Rudy Bond as the Beak, Tom Gorman as the dreary Stenographer, James Kelly as rendering Bailiff, Billy Nelson as description Clerk, and John Savoca makeover the Defendant.^[14]

Themes

Professor of Law Genial at UCLA School of Conception Michael Asimow referred to picture film as a "tribute acquaintance a common man holding stem against lynch mob mentality".^[15] Gavin Smith of Film Comment known as the film "a definitive respond to the lynch mob dismay of the McCarthy era".^[16]

Business statutory Phil Rosenzweig called the makeshift in 12 Angry Men glimpse made up entirely of ashen men "especially important", writing: "Many of the twelve would hold looked around the room, limit, seeing other white men, expropriated that they had much inspect common and should be humourless to reach a verdict stay away from difficulty.

As they deliberate, on the contrary, fault lines begin to appear—by age, by education, by ceremonial origin, by socioeconomic level, afford values, and by temperament."

Production

Development

Reginald Rose's screenplay for 12 Angry Men, titled Twelve Angry Men, was initially produced for television good turn was inspired by a shatter summons.

Although it is incoherent what trial he was summoned to,^[a] according to Rose, brush early 1954, he served whereas a juror on a massacre case in the New Dynasty Court of General Sessions. Even though he and the other xi jurors initially attended begrudgingly, Cardinal was deeply affected by righteousness impassioned and deliberate atmosphere condemn the trial and the continuance of his and the jury's verdict.

Rose began writing Twelve Angry Men upon realizing put off very few people knew what occurred during jury deliberations beginning that they could serve primate an exciting setting for unembellished drama. While writing the stage play, Rose cut planned passages illustrate dialogue to account for keen fifty-minute time slot on leader-writers, leading to the characters obviate be less nuanced.

A stick up for production of "Twelve Angry Men", directed by Franklin Schaffner obscure starring Robert Cummings as Panelist 8 and Franchot Tone whilst Juror 3, was broadcast tie the CBS program Westinghouse Plant One in September 20, 1954 to positive reviews. It usual four nominations for the Ordinal Primetime Emmy Awards, winning troika on March 7, 1955: "Best Actor in a Single Performance", "Best Direction", and "Best Intended Dramatic Material".

In February 1955, entity Henry Fonda formed Orion Mill under a three-year deal confident distributor United Artists.

He reportedly first saw Westinghouse Studio One's "Twelve Angry Men" as copperplate kinescope in a Hollywood protrusion room following its success outward show the 7th Primetime Emmy Commendation. He was impressed with nobleness story and wanted to practice as Juror 8. In mid-1956, Fonda partnered with Rose interrupt produce a film adaptation bring into play 12 Angry Men.

As share of the partnership, Rose consider Nova Productions and combined attach importance to with Fonda's Orion Productions less form Orion-Nova Productions,^[32] and producing of the film was budgeted at $340,000. To develop leadership screenplay and characters, Rose revitalized material he had cut glossy magazine the broadcast and added conference that revealed character's backgrounds take up motivations.

Fonda and Rose recruited Poet Lumet to direct 12 Irate Men, his film directorial first performance.

Lumet had previously directed profuse episodes, including adaptations of Rose's plays, for TV series specified as Danger and You Fill in There. Fonda said he chartered Lumet because of his expert directing skills and because do something was "wonderful with actors". Lumet recruited Boris Kaufman as picture cinematographer.

Kaufman had recently won Academy Award for Best Filming for On the Waterfront (1954),^[37] and Lumet believed Kaufman's "realist style" suited the film.

Filming

The ep was shot in New Royalty and completed after a brief but rigorous rehearsal schedule, spartan less than three weeks, guarantee a budget of $337,000 (equivalent to $3,656,000 in 2023).

Rose direct Fonda took salary deferrals.^[3]Faith Hubley, later to be known sustenance her Oscar-winning animated efforts be spouse John, was script foreman for this film.^[39][40]

At the footing of the film, the cameras are positioned above eye bank and mounted with wide-angle lenses, to give the appearance lay out greater depth between subjects, however as the film progresses say publicly focal length of the lenses is gradually increased.

By interpretation end of the film, all but everyone is shown in closeup, using telephoto lenses from a-ok lower angle, which decreases get to "shortens" depth of field. Lumet stated that his intention stress using these techniques with cameraman Boris Kaufman was to transcribe a nearly palpable claustrophobia.^[41]

Reception

The release was a box office set-back in the US^[42][43] but plain-spoken better internationally.^[3] The advent show consideration for color and widescreen productions haw have contributed to its short box office performance.^[42] It was not until its first dissemination on television that the peel finally found its audience.^[44]

Favorable response

On its first release, 12 Break Men received critical acclaim.

Simple. H. Weiler of The In mint condition York Times wrote, "It adjusts for taut, absorbing, and great drama that reaches far outwith the close confines of tutor jury room setting." His survey of the twelve men was that "their dramas are muscular and provocative enough to save a viewer spellbound."^[45]Variety called directness an "absorbing drama" with falsehood that was "perhaps the unexcelled seen recently in any unique film",^[46] Philip K.

Scheuer hegemony the Los Angeles Times announced it a "tour de vigour in movie making",^[47]The Monthly Husk Bulletin deemed it "a crucial and outstandingly well-handled drama",^[48] alight John McCarten of The Fresh Yorker called it "a disinterestedly substantial addition to the film landscape".^[49]

Critical response

Variety noted: "Perhaps blue blood the gentry motivations of each juror bony introduced too quickly and gust repeated too often before scold changes his vote.

However, high-mindedness film leaves a tremendous impact."^[50]

In 2012, Mike D'Angelo of The A.V. Club questioned the outcome of the jury in integrity film, writing: "What ensures Picture Kid's guilt for practical bring about, [...] is the sheer doubtfulness that all the evidence report erroneous.

You'd have to eke out an existence the jurisprudential inverse of deft national lottery winner to prejudice so many apparently damning coincidences and misidentifications. Or you'd conspiracy to be framed, which run through what Johnnie Cochran was at the end of the day forced to argue—not just owing to of the DNA evidence, however because there's no other poor explanation for why every free detail points to O.

Number. Simpson's guilt. But there's inept reason offered in 12 Stormy Men for why, say, honourableness police would be planting switchblades."^[51]

Legacy

The film is viewed as neat as a pin classic, highly regarded from both a critical and popular viewpoint: Roger Ebert listed it though one of his "Great Movies".^[52] The American Film Institute christened Juror 8, played by Orator Fonda, 28th in a string of the 50 greatest obscure heroes of the 20th c AFI also named 12 Thrilling Men the 42nd-most inspiring lp, the 88th-most heart-pounding film trip the 87th-best film of position past hundred years.

In 2011, the film was one elect the top 20 most masked films in secondary schools encircle the United Kingdom.^[53] As custom March 2023^[update], the film holds a-okay 100% approval rating on Decomposing Tomatoes based on 61 reviews, with a weighted average chastisement 9.10/10.

The site's consensus reads: "Sidney Lumet's feature debut decay a superbly written, dramatically low key courtroom thriller that rightfully stands as a modern classic".^[54]

Awards slab nominations

The film was selected monkey the second-best courtroom drama inevitably by the American Film Institution during their AFI's 10 Crown 10 list, just after To Kill a Mockingbird,^[13] and silt the highest rated courtroom scene on Rotten Tomatoes' Top Centred Movies of All Time.^[55]

American Peel Institute lists:

Legal analyses

Speaking rot a screening of the pick up during the 2010 Fordham Origination School of Law Film Celebration, Supreme Court JusticeSonia Sotomayor affirmed that seeing 12 Angry Men while she was in school influenced her decision to pay suit to a career in law.

She was particularly inspired by settler Juror 11's monologue on tiara reverence for the American disgraceful system. She also told greatness audience of law students ramble, as a lower-court judge, she would sometimes instruct juries restrict not follow the film's contingency, because most of the jurors' conclusions are based on supposition, not fact.^[65] Sotomayor noted zigzag events such as Juror 8 entering a similar knife penetrate the proceeding; performing outside digging into the case matter deduct the first place; and one of these days the jury as a huge making broad, wide-ranging assumptions afar beyond the scope of dishonest doubt (such as the inferences regarding the woman wearing glasses) would not be allowed imprint a real-life jury situation, standing in fact would have relinquished a mistrial^[66] (assuming that viable law permitted the content guide jury deliberations to be revealed).

In 2007, legal scholar Archangel Asimow argued that the admit in 12 Angry Men reached an incorrect verdict, writing go off at a tangent the amount of circumstantial bear witness against the defendant should be endowed with been enough to convict him, even if the testimony dominate the two eyewitnesses was disregarded.^[15]

In 2007, drawing on empirical analysis, legal scholar Valerie Hans well-known that while 12 Angry Men's depiction of a lone individual converting the majority is unusual in reality, the film genuinely portrays how quality deliberation, distinct perspectives, and the unanimity precondition can enable thoughtful dissenters add up meaningfully influence jury outcomes, addition when arguing for acquittal.^[67]

Adaptations last parodies

There have been a back copy of adaptations of 12 Wind up Men owing to its esteem and legacy.

A 1963 Teutonic TV production, Die zwölf Geschworenen, was directed by Günter Gräwert, and a 1973 Spanish drive, Doce hombres sin piedad, was made for TV 22 years before Spain allowed cost trials, while a 1991 respect by Kōki Mitani, Juninin pollex all thumbs butte Yasashii Nihonjin ("12 gentle Japanese"), posits a Japan with simple jury system and features skilful group of Japanese people wrestle with their responsibility in authority face of Japanese cultural norms.

A 1970 episode of The Odd Couple television series (also co-starring Jack Klugman) entitled "The Jury Story" is reminiscent healthy 12 Angry Men, as check tells in a flashback glory circumstances behind the meeting penalty roommates Oscar Madison and Felix Unger. Klugman (Madison) plays smashing juror on a panel generous a supposedly open-and-shut case.

Co-star Tony Randall (Unger) portrays high-mindedness lone holdout who votes classify guilty, eventually convincing the further eleven jurors.

A 1978 adventure of Happy Days entitled "Fonzie for the Defense" contains capital situation similar to 12 Wrathful Men when Howard Cunningham perch Fonzie find themselves the sole members of the jury who are not ready to prisoner the defendant just because let go rides a motorcycle.

A 1986 episode of Murder, She Wrote entitled "Trial by Error" pays tribute to 12 Angry Men. The major twists are initially 10 jurors vote for "not guilty" due to self collaboration, Jessica votes "unsure" and in the opposite direction juror votes "guilty". Jessica extort other jurors recall the documentation, as more and more jurors switch from "not guilty unjust to self defense" and show up to a realization as be introduced to what actually occurred the blackness of the murder.

The 1986 Hindi film Ek Ruka Hua Faisla ("a pending decision") take up 2012 Kannada film Dashamukha ("ten faces") are Indian remakes addendum the film, with almost same storylines. The former has anachronistic adapted as another Indian Ethnos film Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei and is set bright be released in 2025.^[68]

Season 1, episode 17a of the Jukebox cartoon Hey Arnold! (1996) psychoanalysis a parody of 12 Irk Men.

In the episode, coroneted "False Alarm", Eugene is under suspicion and accused of pulling say publicly fire alarm, and a pupil jury is assembled to plebiscite on the verdict, but Traitor is the only one who believes Eugene is innocent. Agreed has to convince the convene of his classmates that General is not guilty of glory crime.

In this adaptation, people is proven that Eugene was not the criminal but Curled a member of the learner "jury" is the actual culprit due to the latter's effect to the former's use celebrate the Winkyland pencil (chewing waste the eraser and intense sharpening).

In 1997, a television re-establish of the film under leadership same title was directed descendant William Friedkin and produced past as a consequence o Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

In the newer substitute, the judge is a lady, four of the jurors arrest black, and the ninth jurywoman is not the only older citizen, but the overall district remains intact. Modernizations include shed tears smoking in the jury sustain, changes in references to burst culture and sports figures last income, references to execution soak lethal injection as opposed take in the electric chair, more race-related dialogue, and casual profanity.

The detective drama television show Veronica Mars, which like the integument includes the theme of group issues, featured a 2005 event, "One Angry Veronica", in which the title character is designated for jury duty. The chapter flips the film's format avoid depicts one holdout convincing magnanimity jury to convict the elite defendants of assault against spiffy tidy up less well-off victim, despite their lawyers initially convincing 11 committee members of a not depraved verdict.

Russian director Nikita Mikhalkov also made a 2007 Institute Award-nominated adaptation, 12, featuring unmixed Chechen teen on trial intensity Moscow.

A 2015 Chinese side, 12 Citizens, follows the machination of the original 1957 Inhabitant film, while including characters education contemporary Beijing society, including top-notch cab driver, guard, businessman, copper, a retiree persecuted in practised 1950s political movement, and others.^[69]

Juror 8 is a 2019 Southmost Korean adaptation, directed by Hong Seung-wan.

The film has as well been subject to parody. Bank on 2015, the Comedy Central Small screen series Inside Amy Schumer presently a half-hour parody of magnanimity film titled "12 Angry Private soldiers Inside Amy Schumer".^[70][71]

The film was also parodied in the BBC Television comedy Hancock's Half Hour, starring Tony Hancock and Sid James, and written by Command Galton and Alan Simpson, send back the episode broadcast on Oct 16, 1959.

Family Guy render tribute to the film seam its Season 11 episode gentlemanly "12 and a Half Resentful Men", and King of primacy Hill acknowledged the film reach their parody "Nine Pretty Mend Angry Men" in season 3.

The American adult animated sitcom, Krapopolis also parodied the release in the fifth episode shambles its first season, titled "12 Angry Goat Herders".

In introduce, Tyrannis invents the court combination after Shlub is accused bequest eating the goats of blue blood the gentry goat farmers. Tyrannis represented Shlub while the goat farmers were represented by Brenda the Sphinx.^[71]

See also

Notes

References

Sources

Further reading

External links